Individuals on the autism spectrum may experience mild to significant challenges in one or more core binocular vision skills. These visual skills support how the eyes work together and how visual information guides movement, learning, and daily activities.

 

Visual-motor integration
The ability to use vision to guide movement, including gross motor skills such as throwing or catching a ball and fine motor skills such as writing, drawing, or using utensils.

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Eye tracking (ocular motility)
The ability to smoothly and accurately follow moving objects with the eyes, or to track letters and words across a line of print while reading, without excessive head or body movement.

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Eye focusing (accommodation)
The ability to clearly see objects up close, such as words on a page or a screen. Difficulties with focusing can cause near tasks to appear blurry or lead to visual fatigue during reading and schoolwork.

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Eye coordination (vergence)
The ability for both eyes to work together and stay aligned on the same target. Challenges with eye coordination can result in double vision or suppression, where the brain reduces input from one eye to avoid visual confusion.

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Visual processing and visual perception
The ability to interpret, understand, remember, and use visual information. Difficulties in this area can affect reading comprehension, visual memory, spatial awareness, and overall learning efficiency.